Andronicus the Impaler

General Templar History Discussion

Andronicus the Impaler

Postby Dashinvaine (GN) » Tue Apr 05, 2005 2:33 am

Reynald de Chatillon had a contemporary who surpassed him in terms of scandal, audacity and cruelty. The wild child of the Byzantine ruling family, Andronichus plotted against his cousin Manuel I and also had an incestuous affair with his niece Eudokia. He spent 9 years in prison in the dungeon of the Boukelon palace, before escaping to Russia, (c.1164) after smuggling a wax impression of the keys to his supporters). He was eventually pardoned and by 1166 was governor of Cilicia. He soon rebelled, and took over Antioch, marrying a daughter of Raymond of Poitiers, Philippa. (Whose sister Maria was married to the Emperor Manuel). Before long Andronicus went on the run again, dumping Philippa. He turned up in Jerusalem, along with a fortune in embezzled tax receipts from Cyprus and Cilicia.

King Amalric gave him the lordship of Beirut. Andronicus then eloped with another niece, Theodora, the widow of King Baldwin III. The couple passed between various Muslim courts, before being pardoned and permitted to return to Byzantium.

On the death of Emperor Manuel in 1180, a power struggle ensued in Constantinople, for control of the boy king Alexios II. Initially the regency fell to the Frankish Empress Maria (of Antioch) and her lover the Protesbatos Alexios. Opposition to the regency focussed on Maria the Porphygenita, (Manuel’s daughter by his first marriage) and her Frankish husband Renier. After being implicated in a plot to murder the Protesbatos Alexios, they found themselves besieged in the cathedral Hagia Sophia.
They managed to send out an appeal to Andronicus, then Lord of Pontos. In 1182, he took an army to Constantinople, and seized power. Thus began a reign of terror that would have disastrous consequences for Byzantium. Driven by a desire to avenge perceived wrongs inflicted by his cousin Manuel, Andronicus began to slaughter his family and supporters. Maria of Antioch was strangled with a bow string, soon followed by the young Emperor Alexios II. For good measure Andronicus also poisoned Maria the Porphygenita and Renier. Of the family only Alexios II’s French wife Agnes was spared, who Andronicus took for his own, despite being 50 years older than she.

Meanwhile many officials of state and other civil servants were also murdered. Manuel’s loyal advisor Constantine Mardoukas was impaled on a stake. The inhabitants of Nicea and other cities in Asia Minor, who had not supported Andronicus’s rise to power, were impaled by the hundred. Next Andronicus presided over a massacre of Latins living in Constantinople, making the Italian traders particular scapegoats (rather as Stalin had the Kulaks). Women and children were also killed, as were the sick in a pilgrim Hospital belonging to the Knights of St John. All this earned the Greeks an evil reputation in the west (despite subsequent attempts to repair relations) and paved the way for the attack on Constantinople by the 4th Crusade, which the Venetians in particular regarded as revenge.

Andronicus ended up being tortured to death by a mob loyal to his successor Isaac Angelus. Isaab himself would later fall victim to a palace coup, being deposed and blinded, later briefly being restored to the throne by the 4th Crusade. The culture of political violence and teror had been largely unleashed by Andronicus.
Image
Last edited by Dashinvaine (GN) on Tue Apr 05, 2005 10:44 am, edited 1 time in total.
User avatar
Dashinvaine (GN)
Site Admin
Site Admin
 
Posts: 3914
Joined: Sat Oct 16, 2004 4:11 pm
Location: uk

Postby Templario » Tue Apr 05, 2005 10:11 am

What a bloody bastard! :shock:

It looks like when Andronicus went to the Holy land to visit the King of Jerusalem, his only goal was to kidnap and marry Theodora. He didn't care much about the Lordship of Beirut since he abandoned it.
User avatar
Templario
Site Admin
Site Admin
 
Posts: 5768
Joined: Thu Oct 14, 2004 4:17 pm
Location: USA and France

Postby Dashinvaine (GN) » Tue Apr 12, 2005 7:39 am

By the way, the Renier mentioned, son-in-law of Emperor Manuel, was the brother of Conrad of Montferrat (prominent in the 3rd Crusade) and also of Boniface of Montferrat who led the 4th Crusade which sacked Constantinople. Some have speculated that Boniface might have harboured a grudge against the Greeks after Andronicus had Renier murdered, and also perhaps a desire to claim his inheritance.
User avatar
Dashinvaine (GN)
Site Admin
Site Admin
 
Posts: 3914
Joined: Sat Oct 16, 2004 4:11 pm
Location: uk

Postby Templario » Tue Apr 12, 2005 8:50 am

It's a very interesting story and a possible motivation for the Fourth Crusade. Strangely enough, Geoffrey de Villehardouin is almost completely silent about Andronicus in his story on the Conquest of Constantinople!
User avatar
Templario
Site Admin
Site Admin
 
Posts: 5768
Joined: Thu Oct 14, 2004 4:17 pm
Location: USA and France

Postby Anonymous » Wed Apr 13, 2005 9:28 am

This is very interesting - thanks for sharing it...

I had always wondered about the fourth crusade - that it attacked and conquered the very city that the first crusade was ostensibly organized to save and protect.

There was certainly a lot of resentment caused by the way the Byzantine rulers used slyness and deception, such as the way that the Emperor Alexis handled the conquest of Nicea. But these additional historical details make the case for revenge and for the destruction of the supposedly "evil Byzantines" much stronger. In this light, what happened on the fourth crusade makes much more sense.
Anonymous
 

Postby Bauceant » Wed May 17, 2006 12:41 pm

Templario wrote:It's a very interesting story and a possible motivation for the Fourth Crusade. Strangely enough, Geoffrey de Villehardouin is almost completely silent about Andronicus in his story on the Conquest of Constantinople!


Yes it is an interesting story, and scandalous as it may be :wink: , it is well worth a "bump" to give it a new lease on life! :(
The motto of chivalry is also the motto of wisdom; to serve all, but love only one. ~Balzac

http://www.new.facebook.com/album.php?a ... =663904094
http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=4 ... =663904094
User avatar
Bauceant
Forum Moderator
Forum Moderator
 
Posts: 4390
Joined: Wed Aug 24, 2005 8:00 am
Location: Kansas

Postby Dashinvaine (GN) » Wed May 17, 2006 3:31 pm

I've recently done a tiny bit more research about this charmer, funnily enough, and, extended what I had put here into an essay, which is on my website www.dashinvaine.co.uk

The events of Andronicus's reign definitely inspired vengeful feelings in the Venetians, if nothing else, and the Venetians were the critical factor in redirecting the 4th crusade.

Manuel I always seems quite a wise ruler. He made two disastrous mistakes, however. One was launching military campaigns to Bulgaria and Egypt when he should have been dealing with the Anatolian Turks under Arslan before they became too powerful. His second mistake was letting Andronicus live.
User avatar
Dashinvaine (GN)
Site Admin
Site Admin
 
Posts: 3914
Joined: Sat Oct 16, 2004 4:11 pm
Location: uk

Postby Bauceant » Wed May 17, 2006 3:44 pm

Dashinvaine (GN) wrote:I've recently done a tiny bit more research about this charmer, funnily enough


Yes, apparently synchronicity is alive and well in the universe... :wink:
The motto of chivalry is also the motto of wisdom; to serve all, but love only one. ~Balzac

http://www.new.facebook.com/album.php?a ... =663904094
http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=4 ... =663904094
User avatar
Bauceant
Forum Moderator
Forum Moderator
 
Posts: 4390
Joined: Wed Aug 24, 2005 8:00 am
Location: Kansas

Postby Anonymous » Thu May 18, 2006 9:03 am

A very beautiful man has been Andronicus and the women have been adoring him. Typify some Casanova from 12 century! :lol: He always have a dream to be the Emeror of Byzantine Empire. Sometimes dreams come true!

Dashinvaine (GN) wrote:
Manuel I always seems quite a wise ruler. He made two disastrous mistakes, however. One was launching military campaigns to Bulgaria


Dashinvaine,
about what military campaigns to Bulgaria you talking? Founding of Second Bulgarian Empire starts 5 years after death of Manuel I! :o
Anonymous
 

Postby Dashinvaine (GN) » Thu Aug 31, 2006 9:04 am

Well spotted! The Deliberate mistake to keep you on your toes! I meant southern Italy, of course.
User avatar
Dashinvaine (GN)
Site Admin
Site Admin
 
Posts: 3914
Joined: Sat Oct 16, 2004 4:11 pm
Location: uk


Return to Templar History (General)

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 0 guests

cron